Dr: Abdullahi Sheik Mohamed ( MIFTAAH )
SWEDEN
Waa qaybtii 3aad ee barnaamijkii aynu ugu magacdaray sidee loo abuuraa ganacsi guulaysan kara. Waxa aynu ku soo sheegnay qaybtii koowaad iyo labaad si loo abuuro ganacsi guulaysan kara in loo baahan yahay in uu jiro nidaam ama qorshe ay raacayso shirkaddu oo la yidhaa (business plan). Waxa aynu qaybtan 3 aad kusoo qaadan doonaa waxyaabaha kale ee u baahan in lagu qoro qorshaynta ganacsiga (business plan). Qorshaynta ganacsiga oo aynu kusoo qeexnay in uu yahay wadadii la mari lahaa si loo gaadho ujeedada shirkaddu leedahay. Shirkadd aan lahayn qorshe cad ama nidaam la raacayaa suurto gal ma aha in ay si fudud u guulaysato.
Halkan waxaynu ku soo gudbin doonaa qaybta 3 aad oo u baahan in lagu qoro marka la diyaarinaayo nidaaminta ganacsiga (business planning). Marka aynu dhamayno waxaynu samayn doonaa tusaale (sample) business plan si qof waliba u fahmo.
Fadlan qofkii aan akhrisan qaybihii hore waxa laga yaabaa in fahamka qabtani ay ku adkaato markaa ku noqo qaybihii hore.
Waxyaalaha u baahan in la ogaado inta aan shirkaddu badeecad ama adeeg soo saarin:
- Waa maxay baahida dhabta ah ee hadda ka jirta suuqa aad higsanayso (current demand in the target market)? Waa in aad ogaataa in baahi ka jirto suuqa aad galayso, waayo macaamiishu waxa ay marka hore ku xidhnaayeen shirkaddo kale, markaa waa maxay sababta ay ugu baahan yihiin in ay shirkaddan cusub kusoo biiraan, dhinacyo badan ka fiiri baahida.
- Waa maxay xajmiga saxda ah ee suuqa aad rabto in ay shirkaddan cusubi ka shaqayso (size of market)? Badanaa suuqyada dhaqaalaha badan laga helaa waa suuqyada dadkoodu ay aadka u badan yihiin (more populated). Markaa waa in aad ogaataa xajmiga suuqaagu inta uu noqon karo.
- Boqolkiiba meeqa ayaad suuqa ku yeelan kartaa (tani waa muhiim haddii aad si dhab ah uga fakirayso in aad noqoto mid ku guulaytsa suuqa)?
- Muxuu yahay isbedelka ku imaan kara suuqa aad ku fakirayso, intee in leeg ayuu suuqu isbedeli karaa isla markaa horumar intee leeg ayaad badeecada ama adeega ku samayn kartaa?
- Muxuu yahay koboca imaan karaa (potential growth)?
- Maxay yihiin xanibaadaha kaa hor imaan kara markaad suuqa galayso (market entry barriers), maadaama aad shirkadd cusub tahay?. Tusaale ahaan waxyaalaha kaa hor imaan kara waxaa ka mid ah:
- Kharashka daraasaadka suuq-gaynta oo bata (high marketing cost)
- Kharash badan oo loo baahdo (high capital cost)
- Kharashka tacab soo saarka oo aad u bata (high production cost)
- Macaamiisha oo u baahan in ay ku bartaan (consumer acceptance and brand recognition)
- Shirkadoo u baahata dad tababar iyo xir fad leh (training and skills)
- Kharashka lagu raraayo oo sareeya (shipping costs)
- Cashuuraadka (tariff)
- Sharciyada dawladda (legal authority)
- Iyo dabcan sidii aad uga gudbi lahayd xanibaadaha kaa hor yimaada
- Side ayay waxyaalahan soo socdaa u saamayn karaan shirkadda cusub helida jawaabahoodu waxa ay kaa caawinaysaa in aad dhinac walba ka eegto ganacsigan cusub ee aad furaysaa si aad u ogaato waxyaalaha kugu soo fool leh:
- Haddii isbedel ku yimaado ganacsiga (change in the business).
- Haddii is bedel ku yimaado qalabka farsamada (change in technology)
- Haddii is bedel ku yimado sharciyada dawlada (change in government regulations)
- Hadii isbedel ku yimaado xaga dhaqaalaha (change in the economy)
Badeecada (products):
Qaybtan waxaa laga rabaa shirkaddu in ay si cad u sharaxdo badeecadaha iyo adeegyada ay samaynayso. Weliba waa in shirkaddu qeexdaa ayadoo toos ula hadlaysa macmiisha.
Waxaad taxdaa dhamaan alaabta aad rabto in aad iibiso oo dhan.
Mid walbana si cad u sheeg faaiidada uu leeyahay iyo weliba waxyaalaha dheeriga uu layahay. (describe the most important features and benefits).
Waana in aad sheegtaa haddii lagaa iibsado waxyaalaha aad qofka aad siinayso, tusaale ahaan in aad alaabta halkuu doonayo aad u geyso (delivery), in aad siiso damaanad (warranty), taakulayn dheeri ah (support) iyo in lacagtisii loo celin karo haddii loo baahdo (refund policy).
Macaamiisha (customers):
Waa in shirkaddu si buuxda u aqoonsataa macaamiisha ay beegsanyso (target customers). Dabeecadahooda (characteristics), iyo weliba halka ay degan yihiin.
Haddii shirkaddu ay macaamiisheedu aanay ahayn koox gaar ah, waxaa lama huran ah in aad sheegto kooxda ugu sii muhiimsan haddii ay tahay da’da (age), lab ama dhedig (gender), meesha uu degan yahay (location), awoodiisa dhaqaale (income level), bulshada halka uu kaga jiro iyo shaqadiisa (social class and occupation), waxbarashadiisa (education) iyo wixii kale ee shirkaddu u baahataba.
LA SOCO “” ” ” “ASBUUCA SO SOCDO