Ciidan ka tirsan Ururka AlShabaab ayaa waxay ka baxsadeen xabsi ay gacanta ku heyso Dowladda Soomaaliya, iyadoo raggaan ay ahaayeen Ciidamada Al Shabaab ee Madax Jabiska loo yaqaano.
Ciidamadaan oo tiradoodu lagu sheegay ilaa 10 nin ayaa waxay ka baxsadeen xabsi ku yaala Magaalada Baydhabo, waxaana dhamaantood laga soo qab qabtay gudaha Magaalada Baydhabo.
Raggaan ayaa waxaa la sheegay inay ku baxsadeen dhulka hoostiisa oo la sheegay inay god weyn ka qodeen, isla-markaana ay taasi ka dambeysay inay wada baxsadaan.
Nimankaan oo loo heysto dambiyo kala duwan ayaa waxaa dhawaan lagu waday in Maxkamad lasoo taago si loogu qaado xukunada ay mudan yihiin, laakiin xukunada kahor ayay xabsiga ka baxsadeen.
Saraakiisha Dowladda ee Magaalada Baydhabo ayaa waxay amreyn in xabsiga la dhigo dhamaanba ilaaladii xabsiga, oo loo heysto inay wax ka ogaayeen inay raggaan baxsadaan.

Wasiirka Gaanshaandhiga ee Soomaaliya C/Xakiin Xaaji Maxamuud Fiqi ayaa wuxuu si cad uu u sheegay in la fashiliyay weerar qorsheysan oo ay Al Shabaab ku dooneysay inay wax yeelo ugu geysato kooxo Wasiiro ah.
Wasiirka Gaanshaandhiga ayaa wuxuu ka mid ahaa kooxo Wasiiro iyo Xildhibaano ah oo shalay gaaray Magaalada Marka ee Xaruunta Gobolka Shabeellaha Hoose, oo ay wadada u galeen Xoogaga Shabaab.
Wasiirka ayaa wuxuu sheegay in isaga iyo Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha aysan wax yeelo ka soo gaarin weerarkii ay ku soo qaadeen Xoogaga Al Shabaab, isagoo intaasi ku daray in weerarkaasi la fashiliyay.
Al Shabaab ayaa wuxuu sheegay inay fashilmatay oo dagaalada looga adkaaday, isla-markaana wuxuu sheegay in Al Shabaab aysan xilligaan laheyn awood sidaa u weyn oo laga cabsado.
Mr. Fiqi ayaa wuxuu balan qaaday inay soo gaba gabeen doonaan dagaalada culus ee ay kula jiraan Xoogaga Al Shabaab, oo uu ku eedeeyay inayba diidan yihiin nabad ka dhalata dalka Soomaaliya.

 
Sida ay sheegeen xalay guddida doorashooyinka ee degmadda Boorama ayaa soo saaray sida ay ugu kala horeeyaan ururaada iyo xisbiyada ku loolama doorashada deegaanka ee Somaliland, waxaany sidaasi ku sheegeen mar ay guddida doorashada deegaanka boorama warbaahinta la hadleen .
 
Ururrada iyo Xisbiyada ayaa sidan u kala horeeya kuraastana u kala helay:-
 
Urur Siyaasadeedka Kulmiye ayaa kaalinta koowaad galay, waxaanu 21-ka kursi ee Degmadda Boorama ku guulaystay 7 ka mid ah.
Urur siyaasadeedka Wadani ayaa isna ka helay degmadda Boorama 4
Urur Siyaasadeedka UCID ayaa isna ku guulaystay 3 ka mid ah kuraasta degmadda Boorama.
Urur siyaasadeedka UMADDA ayaa isna helay 3 kursi oo ka mid ah 21-ka kursi ee degmadda Boorama.
Urur siyaasadeedka Rays ayaa isna la sheegayaa in uu helay 2 ka mid ah kuraasta degmada Boorama.
Urur siyaasadeedka Xaqsoor ayaa isna helay 1 kursi, halka uu urur siyaasadeedka Dalsan isna kaga guulaystay 1 kursi.
 
Hargeysa Somaliland
 

Khilaafaad xoogan ayaa wuxuu xilligaan uu ka dhex taagan yahay Madaxweynaha Dowladda Soomaaliya Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud iyo weliba Madaxda Dowladda Kenya.
Madaxda Dowladda Kenya ayaa wuxuu xilligaan uu damacweyn uu uga jiraa Gobolada Jubbooyinka, oo la sheegay inay ka damacsan yihiin inay ka faagaan shidaal qodis.
Hase yeeshee uu taasi si weyn uu uga hor yimid Madaxweyne Xasan Sheekh, waxayna taasi bilow u noqotay khilaafaadka xilligaan soo kala dhex galay labada dhinac.
Madaxweynaha Dowladda Soomaaliya iyo Madaxda Dowladda Kenya, ayaa wuxuu xilligaan uu khilaafkoodu uu ka bilowday arinta ku aadan Gobolada Jubbooyinka, waxaana laga cabsi qabaa in xaaladu ay intaasi ka sii qaraaraato.
Madxweyne Xasan Sheekh ayaa wuxuu horey uu u sheegay inay lama taabtaan tahay arinta Gobolada Jubbooyinka, isla-markaana waxay ka tirsan yihiin buu yiri Gobolada Koonfureed ee Soomaaliya.

Dowlada Jabuuti masuuliyiin ka tirsan ayaa shaaca ka qaaday waqtiga la dhameystirayo ciidamada AMISOM ee ku sugan magaalada Beledweyne ee Gobolka Hiiraan.
Danjiraha Dalka Jabuuti u fadhiya Soomaaliya Dayib Dubbad Rooble ayaa sheegay inay soo wadayaan dhamaan ciidamada ay ugu talo galeen dalka Soomaaliya ee qeybta ka ah Midowga Africa AMISOM.
Waxa uu shegay inay sii wadayaan taageerada ay siinayaan ciidamada Dowlada Soomaaliya,isagoo xusay in dhawaan lasoo dhameystiri doono ciidamada Dalka Jabuuti.
Waxaa uu shegay in ay sii socon doonan tababaraya ay siinayaan Ciidamada Soomaaliya ee kusugan goblka hiiran si Soomaaliya ay u hesho ciidan  tayo leh oo matali kara dalka iyo dadka Soomaaliyeed badalna u noqon kara Amisom .
Waxaa uu tilmaamay in Todobaadka soo aadan ay soo dhameystirayaan Ciidamada ay Jabuuti ugu talo gashay Soomaaliya isla markaasina ay so toos ah ugu Howlgali doonaan Gobolka Hiiraan waxaana tirade Ciidamadaasi uu ku sheegay in ay gaarayaan sideed ilaa Sagaal Boqol Askari.
Hadalkan waxaa imaanyaa xilli SHALAY wafdi kasocda Jabuuti ay gaareen Gobolkaasi Hiiraan kuwaasi oo kulamo la qatay  Saraakiisha Ciidamada AMIOSM ee Jabuuti kuwa Dowladda iyo maamulka Gobolka .

Haddii aan, wax yar, dib u fiirino bilihii lasoo dhaafay oo ay socdeen qabanqaabo iyo diyaargarow siyaasadeed oo ay DKMG mashquul ku aheyd, iyadoo Bulshada Caalamkuna gadaal ka riixeyso. Waxaa la dhisay barlamaan tirade xildhibaanadiisu macquul tahay, waxaa la doortay gudoomiye iyo madaxweynahay cusub, ra’iisul wassaare iyo dhismo gole wassiiro oo aad u kooban; arrimahaas oo ay bulshada Soomaalida, meel ay joogtaba, u argatay in dalku galay marxalada iyo waayo cusub oo siyaasadeed.
Sidaa darteed, su’aashu waxay tahay xukuumadda iyo hoggaankeed cusub ma ka tarjumi doonaan rajada iyo doonista SHACBIGA ee ku aadan in dalku ka baxo dhibaatooyinka isbiirsada ee ka dhashay Colaadda Sokeeye iyo burburkii ku dhacay dowladnimadii Soomaaliya.
Marxalad qabyo ah
Marxalad aan ka duwaneyn ku meel gaar
Sanado badan oo Soomaaliya kulamo iyo shirar is daba joog ah loo qabtay, iyadoo shirarkaas qaar ka mid ah noqdeen ama ay gaareyn heer caalami ah, madasha lagu qabtay shirarkaasuna aheyd dibadda dalka, iyo gunaanadka waxii loo bixiyay qorshaha ‘ROAD MAP-ka’ ee loo dajiyay qaabka dalka looga bixinayay marxaladdii KU MEEL GAARKA, ayaa waxaa cad in hawlaahaas ay horseedeen isbadeel isiyaasadeed oo, ugu yaraan, saameeyay hogaanka dalka iyo noocii dowladeed ee muddo soo socday
Sida laga war qabo ma ah, oo kaliya, isbedal saameeyay Dowladdii ku Meel Gaarka aheyd ee igu danbeyday, hayeeshee, waxaa gogosha loo laabay, guud ahaan, xaladdii ku tilmaaneyd Ku Meel Gaarka iyo dowladihii fashalka ku danbeeyay ee soo jiray ilaa iyo, burburka xukuumaddii militariga aheyd ee uu talada u hayay Jeneraal Maxamed Siyaad Bare.
Iyadoo xaalku sidaas yahay, ayaa waxaan shaki ku jirin in marxaladda siyaasadeed ee dalku galay iyo qaabka dowladeed ee lagu rajo weynyahay inuu JOOGTO noqdo ay xaqiiqdu tahay in xukuumadda cusub la kowsatay hawlo badan oo aan dhameystirneyn iyo bilow marxalad, runtii, KALA GUUR ah; tasoo u baahan, ilaa waqti, inaan loo qaadan in dowladda Madaxweyn Xassan Sheekh Maxamuud tahay mid durbadiiba heysata madaxbanaani buuxda, (Full sovereignty) oo ay go’aano culus oo siyaasadeed ku qaadan karto ama, kali ahaan, ku maareyn karto arrimo badan oo la xiriira danaha Qarnka Soomaaliyeed iyo mashaakilka bulshadeed iyo dhaqaale ee laga dhaxlay duruufihii adkaa iyo Dagaaladii Sokeeye.
Haddii aan si kale u sheego, halka ay tahay inay higsato Dowladda Cusub, uguna muhiimsan hawsha ay qabaneyso muddadeeda afrta sano ah, waa xaqiijinta dib usoo celinta, (Restoration) heybadda iyo maqaamkii dowladnimada Soomaaliya, dhinac kasta iyo heer kasta, gudaha iyo dibadda, arrintaas oo dadaal iyo waqti u baahan, ayaa fur u noqnaya in Soomaaliya gaarto heer ay u madaxbanaanto qaadashada go’aanadeeda siyaasadeed iyo hanaanka dowladnimo oo ay, umad ahaan, dooneyso.
Dhinac kale, xasilinta dalka iyo taabo galinta qorshaha amniga ma ah mid ku hirgalaya, oo kaliya, in guul ‘MILITARI’ laga gaaro dagaalka lagula jiro AL-QAACIDAH iyo dhalinyarada Soomaalida ah ee la safan, hayeeshee waxay u baahantahay, iyaduna waqti iyo wacyi galin ku saleysan fahamka toosan ee diinta Islaamka iyo barnaamij marxalado u qeybsan, oo ahmiyad weyn siiynaya dib u heshiisiinta bulshada, kasoo ka maran siyaasad ama, ugu yaraan, loogu danbeysiinayo waxii ku saabsan arrimo siyaasadeed.
DIB U HESHIINTAAS oo suurta galineysa in dowladda cusub ay, ugu danbeyntii, si rasmi ah ugu dhawaaqdo ama u cilaamineyso DHAMMAADKA DAGAALKII SOKEEYE ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed dhexmaray.
Waxaa hubaal ah, in qorshahaas marka intiisa badan si ‘WAAQIC’ ah loo fuliyo, uu mar kale, Qaranka Soomaaliyeed hanaqaadi doono, madaxbanaaniduusna noqon doonto mid heysata ama leh sharciyad dhab ah, islamarkaana yeelan doonta awood iyo wax qabad fiican.
Marxaladda cusub iyo dhibaatooyinka jira
Mushkilada ugu weyn dhibaatooyinka jira waa arrinta siyaasadda.
Dabeecadda ay leedaha dhibaatooyinka horyaal Xukuumada Cusub, runtii, waa qaran burburay mashaakilka uu yeelan karo. Waa dhibaato si balaaran ama qotto dheer u saameeyay heerarka nolosha bulshada iyo horumarka guud; raadka ay reebtayna uu muddo dheer muuqan doono. Sidaa darteed, haddii wax laga qabanayo, waxaa loo baahanyahay in daraasad iyo qiimeyn lagu sameeyo baaxadeedu inta la egtahay.
Arrimaha ammaanka iyo nabadeynta dalka oo ay madaxda cusub ku celceliyeen in ahmiyadda kowaad la siin doono, waxaa loo baahanyahay inla dhinac socdsiiyo, oo weliba si degdeg ah ay Dowladda Cusub furaha ugu jarto, (Initiate) ololaha dib u dhiska dalka, gaar ahaan Caasimadda oo noqotay ASTAAN ama calaamad tusaalaha u ah burburka dalka ka dhacday.
Dibo u dhiska dalka ma horseedayo, oo kaliya, in kumanaan qofood shaqo loo abuuro, hayeeshee waxuu bulshada ku bixinayaa inay arkaan, kana maqsuudaan wax qabadka dowladnimada.
Waxaa iyna lagama maarmaan ah, si wax looga qabto dhibaatooyinka ku saabsan saboolnimada baahsan, in lagu dhaqsado dib u dhiska kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha iyo horumarinta guud ee bulshada; taasoo KAALINTA kuwaad ay qaadanayaan, loona baahanyahay in loo jiheeyo, qeybaha hantida leh ee kala duwan, gaar ahaan ganacsatada iyo jaaliyadaha dibadda ku nool.
Inkastoo, sida muuqatay, Xukuumadda Cusub aysan si dhaqso ah usoo rogikarin qawaaniin iyo sharciyo lagu habeeyo hawlaha ganacsiga iyo qaab socodsiinta maaliyadda guud ee qaranka, (National Fanacial Proceedures), gaar ahaan dhinaca la xiriira hantida dadweynahay iyo xal u helidda mashaakilka dhaqaale ee dlka ka jira, ayaa islamarkaana waxaa muhiim ah in daraasad iyo baaritaan dhinacaas ku saabsan lagu dhaqaaqo iyadoo la kaashanayo dadka aqoonta u leh xalinta mashaakilka noocanas ah iyo qaabka dib loogu soo nooleeyo dhaqaalaha DALALKA FASHILAY ama coolaadaha ku burburay.
Runtii, dhibaatada ugu qotada dheer, xuduntana u ah mashaakilka kale ee dalka ka dhacay, laguna TIJAABINAYO Xukuumadda Cusub sida ay wax uga qabto, waa ARRINTA SIYAASADDA. Iyadaa sabab iyo horseed u ah dhaqankii keenay burburkii ku dhacay qaranimada Soomaaliya; dhaqankaas oo, sida la ogyahay, isgu jiray: mamul xumu, cadaalad daro, ku tagrifal awoodda dowladnimada iyo, tan ugu ba’an, ku xad gud nolosha iyo KARAMADA qofka muwaadinka ah.
Dhinac kale, arrimaha maalmahan ugu danbe ka dhacay magaalada Kismaayo iyo muranka ku saabsan maamul u sameynta gobolada Jubooyinka iyo damaca SHISHEEYE ee ku hoos jira dhismaha JUBALAND STATE ama AZAANYA iyo sida ay bulshada dhexdeeda uga kiciday kala shaki iyo farta isku fiiqa, waxayna tuusaale muuqda u tahay dabeecadda dhibaatada siyaasadeed ee hortaal Dowladda iyo Baarlamaanka Cusub, taasoo u baahan in si xil-kasnimo iyo garasho leh lagu daweeyo.
Tan kale, hanaanka FEDERAL-ka ee lagu muransanyahay iyo qaabka la doonayo in gobolada dalka looga hirgaliyo, waxaan shaki laheyn inay abuuri doonaan qas siyaasadeed iyo khilaafaad aan horey loo arag. Jahwareerka iyo guuxa socda waxay muujinayaan in NIDAAMKA federalka uu bulshada dhexdeeda, durbadiiba, ka kiciyay xassaasiyad qabiil oo aan loo baahneyn inay dib usoo noolaato.
Sidaa darteed, xallinta mushkilada siyaasadda waa furaha xasilinta dalka iyo soo celinta AMAANKA, taasoo lagu heli karo, sida aan horay u tilmaamay, dib u heeshiin DHAB AH iyo inla abuuro jawi Soomaalinimo oo horseeda in bulshadu ay is aaminto, kana gudubto dhibaatooyinkii lasoo maray.
Mustaqbalka Siyaasadda Dalka
Aqoonta, wacyiga iyo meel marinta cadaaladda bulshad waa wadada mustaqbal fiican.
Bulsho kasta waxay dib u fiiridaa, kana faa’iideystaa waayaha kala duwan iyo duruufaha adage ee soo maray. Tixda dhacdooyinka TAARIIKHEED, (Chronology of historical events) waa cashir ama darsi qoran oo lagu qiyaaso umuuraha socda iyo marxaladda jirta, islamarkaana lagu saadaaliyo mustaqbalka iyo halka ay wax u socdaan.
Soomaaliya, ilaa sanadihii yaraa ee dowladnimadeed, 1960-1991-kii, waxaa soo maray duruufo siyaasadeed, bulshadeed iyo dhaqaale oo inkastoo aysan laheyn hal waji ama qaab kaliya, hadana tusinaya in Soomaliya ay guud ahaan, dhinaca maamulka dowladnimada, ay ku jirtay horumar tartiib-socod ah, oo haddii lagu sameyn lahaa toosin iyo hagaajin, (Reform), gaari lahaa heer laga maqsuudo.
Fahamka qaabka aw u shaqeeyo Hanaan Dowladeed, (System of Government), gaar ahaan shuruucda iyo xajinta nidaamka, (Discipline) iyo dabeecadda ay leedahay mas’uuliyada qofku u hayo dalka, -ha noqoto siyaasad ama maamul guud sida mareynta dhaqaalah, qorshaha, adeegga bulshada, fulinta cadaaladda iyo hawlaha dhinaca amaanka; arrimahaas oo ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan dowladnimada ayaa marxaladda cusub waxay loo baahanyahay in horumarintooda xoogga la saaro, iyadoo dadka hawlwadeenada ah, ama noqonaya, loo sameynayo barnaamijyo aqoon kordhin, xirfado sare iyo wacyi galin joogto ah.
Haddii aan si kale u sheego, mustaqbalka siyaasadda dalka waxuu rahmad u yahay ama ku xiranyahay aqoonta iyo xil gudashada dhammaan shaqaalaha dowladda, heer kasta, madax ama hawlwadeen caadi ah. Fahamaka qofku u leeyahay hawsha uu hayo iyo sida aw u dareemayo gudashada mas’uuliyadda waa laba waajib oo is dul saran, (Overlap duties) -sida awgeed shaqsi laguma tilmaami karo inuu aqoon u leeyhay hawsha uu qaranka u hayo isla markaana yahay qof aan xikas aheyn.
Xaqiiqadaas marka aan dib ugu fiirno dhibaatooyinkii dalka soo maray iyo dhaqankii horseeday maamul xumada iyo ku tumashada shuruucda iyo Mabda’a Cadaalada Bulshada, ee ugu danbeyntiin keenay in dalku galo dhiilo siyaasadeed iyo marxalad madow waxaa noo muuqanay in, inta badan, dadkii xilka iyo mas’uuliyadda u hayay qaranka aysan gaarsiisney heerka aan soo tilmaamay.
Mustaqbalka ay bulshada Soomaaliyeed u hanqal taagayso waa, mid ay waajib tahay, inuu ka duwanaad xaaladihii siyaasadeed ee lasoo maray iyo dhaxalkii qaraaraa oo ay ka tageen dhammaan dowladihii dalka ka jiray, ilaa dhalashadii Qaranka Soomaalida iyo burburka dowladdii dhexe
Sidaa darted, iyadoo la ogsoonyahay dhibaatooyinka faraha badan iyo CARTANKA SIYAASADEED, (Political Challenges)* ee sugaayo Dowladda Cusub ayaa loo baahanyahay inla helo, laguna hawl galo Aragti sugan, qorshe iyo barnaamij siyaasadeed oo si dhab ah uga tarjumaya himilada iyo rajada Ummadda Soomaaliyeed ay ka qabto marxaladda bilaabatay iyo hogaamiyaasha Dowladda Cusub ee Soomaaliya.
Qalinka: Xassan Xayle
E-mail:hassanhaile@hotmail.com
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* FG: sida ka hortimaada qooraa kasta, waxaa dhibaato ka jirtaa eryada aan leysku raacin macnaha TARJUMADOODA. Erayda aan sida muuqata u qoray ama galiyay QAANSOOYINKA, (BRACKETS-ka) haddii uu qof aqrista ah macno kale u haayo, fadlan, isoo qor adigoo ku mahadsan!
The opinions contained in this article are solely those of the writer, and it does not represent the editorial opinions of Markacadeey online

Author: Arch/Planner Mohamed Abdulkadir Ahmed
Affiliation: Department of Urban Planning and Heritage Management
Correspondence: Banadir Administration, Municipality of Mogadishu – Somalia
E-mail: mahmed.shaan@gmail.com
Presentation: Cultural Heritage at Risk: Challenges and Opportunities
Summary
Recent contributions of several scholars have introduced different point of views in the debate on the East African coastal cities. Somalia’s coastal cities have never been the subject of careful and detailed researches. Previous governments didn’t recognize the importance of preserving and enhancing this heritage.
Cultural heritage plays an irreplaceable role in national identity and pride in the common ownership of its diversity, especially during war and rapid social change. Understanding its historical foundations will provide a basis for this analysis in order to establish further analysis into Somalia’s tangible heritages. It will be necessary to start filling up the gap, to re-read the history of Somalia without falling into the temptation of misinterpretation as it happened before.
It will be necessary to take into consideration working toward setting up a Department of Antiquities and Conservation within the Banadir Administration. This could represent the first operational support of protection, introduction of restrictive-clauses in the future building code, restoration and conservation. Today, the process of frequent transformation has impacted Somalia’s historical cities. Mogadishu is in a state of utter neglect and destruction. Some of the historical cities along the Somali coast (Warshiikh, Jesira, Marka, Barawa, Kisimayo, Zeila, Bosaso) are in the same situation.
This above-mentioned frontier may begin an actionable processes consisting of deeper and more specialized studies with the active involvement of UNESCO in a more justified way to the defense and valorization of Somalia Tangible Heritages. The historical awareness of oneself and one’s own past is equivalent to the knowledge and protection of proper cultural heritages. It is a matter that concerns the collective consciousness of the Somali people.
Key Words: East Africa, Somalia, Coastal Towns, Mogadishu, Cultural Heritage, Conservation.
1. Background of the Paper
The civil war in Somalia has affected all layers of Somali society. This war has also been associated with the massive displacement of people. Massive destruction, damage to historical sites and old town centers, looting of private sector assets and public infrastructure have been other prominent features of this war. While the war has its root in political factors, it has gradually shifted character into war economy. It is now centered on the control of economic assets, which provide the source for both financing the war and private enrichment. Indeed, the gain to be made from the control of these assets has become the main obstacle in the efforts to bring an end to this ethnical conflict.
For the past 21 years, the civil war in Somalia has cancelled even further all remaining traces of the past. Henceforth, an approach is needed that focuses on rediscovering of present potentialities in the cultural meanings.
2. The Link of Somalia’s Cultural Heritages to the East African Coastal Towns
The cultural heritages of every people are memories of human creativity that combines past and present in continuity. A civilization’s memories consist of various historical developments since its inception— diversity of identities, cultural achievements, and land cultivation. Its conservation and improvement are an essential component of every cultural policy. Also, it will be difficult to know, to establish what, to whom, how to plan and build without a sufficient awareness of that culture.
The medieval archaeology of East Africa is still, in great part, an unexplored field. The principal reasons are that linguistic and social problems have gained scholarly attention, hence historical documents are abundant. Yet, scholars have not considered that it is only through archaeological analysis that might, at least in part, be possible to rebuild the events of past centuries. Documents regarding historical sites of the East African Coast are fragmentally supported by travelers, explorers, geographers and conquerors up to the 18th century until the 19th century when documentation is made available. To these should be added the oral testimony and other document of literature. Only at the beginning of the 20th century the descriptions of the ruins sites become accurate and, especially, to those sites in Kenya and Tanzania. This achievement came through the contribution of the following scholars: Kirkman, Chittick, G.S.P. Freeman-Greenville, Matthew, Garlake, Horton and Sutton. Their studies revealed knowledge required to interpret and, in some cases, to exploit the importance of the sites’ historical, architectural and environmental culture (Kirkman: 1964 , Chittick: 1969; G.S.P. Freeman-Greenville: 1962; Matthew: 1975, Garlake: 1966; Horton: 1986; Sutton: 1990).
Part of Somalia’s past culture consists of historical roots linked to East African’s history. It is well known that along the Eastern African coastal cities developed a culture that displays in its archaeological features a common architecture with local variation; significant traces and archaeological findings of these cultural values exist prominently in Somalia resulting in historical-critical character studies. Following these studies, there were many campaign of archaeological excavation and land surveying.
Somalia’s architectural and environmental heritage were neglected in the past. They were subject to degradation and deterioration, to a violent transformation and destruction during its previous regimes. The dramatic events of past years have produced further alterations and devastation hardly noticeable in the actual situation and long protraction of tensions between the warring parties. We could affirm without compromise that Somalia’s past has been systematically destroyed in period of peace and war; for example, the deep wound inflicted on the old Mogadishu center of Shingaani, razed almost to the ground, is a vivid testimony of human madness.
3. Brief History of Somalia’s Main Historical Towns
Somalia is considered an integral part of the East African history and, specifically, its major centers located on the coast of the Indian Ocean such as Mogadishu.
Mogadishu is the most important town of the Banadir coast. It was one of the city-states founded more than ten centuries ago along the East African coast, which flourished on commerce with the Arabic Gulf countries, Persia, India, China together with other commercial cities such as Barawa, Mombasa, and Malindi etc. It is recognized as one of the most interesting historical centers on the whole coast of Somalia.
Mogadishu knew a period of magnificence as a maritime trade center from the 13th century. It was at this time that the Mosque of Fakhruddin and the Minaret of Jamia were built in Hamarweyne. Sultans were the rulers of Mogadishu. Copper coins were found with the names of sultans, comparable with the coins of Kilwa, Tanzania and, of a later dynasty known as the Mudhaffars. The Mudhaffars lasted until the middle of the 17th century (Freeman-Grenville: 1963). Mogadishu never submitted to Portuguese rule. Alpers adds, that Mogadishu in the nineteenth century was a shadow of its former splendid is a general accepted fact. One has only to compare the famous description of Ibn Battuta of the town in 1331 to those of its visitors five centuries later to realize that its heyday was long since past (Alpers, 1983, p.441). But, the Portuguese policy, headed for an exclusive control along the route of the Indian Ocean, aggravated the decline of Mogadishu along with the other Banadir coastal cities in the 15th century. Mogadishu was under the control of Zanzibar in the 18th century, the capital of the Oman Sultanate during that period. Since then, Mogadishu became involved in the politics of European colonialism. At the end, the Oman Sultanate led Mogadishu to the Italian rule in 1889 (Cerulli:1957; Corni: 1937)
Whatever the pattern of urban development in Mogadishu in earlier times may have been, it
confirms the wider coastal East Africa dynamics during the nineteenth century. The intensified penetration of Indian merchant capital under the protection of British India and the Sultan of Muscat in Zanzibar began the process of transformation that would lead ultimately to the Italian administration. Many features of Mogadishu, particularly its urban morphology, illustrate the influences of the different periods. The old, original urban centers, Hamarweyne and Shingaani, still stand on Mogadishu’s initial site; however, they became extensively damaged during these years of civil war. Shingaani suffered the most damage of the city itself. Arab influence in architecture is widespread. The Italians were the first to formulate and effect urban planning in their area of residence in Mogadishu. Before the collapse in 1990, it was the dominant national urban center in terms of governmental activities and military positions.
As the old towns of Marka and Barawa, Mogadishu retain memories of an evolved urban culture, there lived the numerous waves of migration and centuries of inter-oceanic trade and inter-mingling. They were subject of interests to the new waves of researches undertaken by various institutions (i.e. Polytechnic of Milan, Faculty of Architecture) and scholars of different disciplines to overcome the lack of knowledge in their historical development, urban structure, functions and patterns of use. They were evolved as city-states with a civilization having a character of their own, not least in respect of their architecture (Molon and Vianello: 1990).
4. The Role of UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) works in favor of the conservation and protection of the humanity’s common cultural heritages and their value are universal. The Convention of 1972 regarding the protection of World Cultural and Environmental Heritage, is based on the fundamental concept that this protection does not compete only to the State in which territory the “object” to be protected/saved is located, but, firmly to the whole human being, who is the indivisible keeper and depository of the whole greatest creations that ploughed through the human waves and adventures.
Today the world heritage activities are no longer designed merely to restore old buildings but are very often geared to strengthening or even building a common identity among groups with different affiliations. The same concept applies to environmental initiatives, which no longer seek merely to preserve natural resources and biodiversity for future generations but are also aimed at sparing present generations’ potential management conflicts.
The change in UNESCO’s constitutional mandate to accommodate emerging issues in pre-conflict and post-conflict societies with the Medium-Term Strategy for 1996-2001 highlighted the difficulties of the organization to succeed in Somalia. In the case of Somalia, UNESCO was unable to go beyond emergency educational assistance. The transdisciplinary and the intersectoral approach adopted in changing the conception of human security, cultural identity to cultural integration, conflict prevention and post-conflict peacebuilding have helped the development of national plans for education for a culture of peace. But what are the procedures to use in order to have a real and sustainable impact in countries where legitimate governments are not in place and cultural heritages site are left abandoned or in constant deterioration?
UNESCO efforts led to the protection of sites where civilization has left important and highly visible traces throughout Kenya and Tanzania. It has contributed decisively to the recreation of the historical period of the area. The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) divides Cultural Heritage along thematic lines. Namely: archeological, historic towns, religious properties, architectural monuments, technological ensembles and cultural landscapes. Also, cultural heritages are testimonies, products or work of science, art and the culture of past civilization of a country. Knowledge and protection of cultural heritages mean acquire an experience, conciseness and past awareness. This could perform an important role in the constitution of a cultural identity. It is a fundamental support for the civilized progress. It gives meaning, sense and reason for the work of a whole society.
To achieve the UNESCO campaign of the culture for peace initiative, there must be a guideline for in-depth and specialized activity such as a systematic surveying campaign strategies, technological studies and a recovery program. These guidelines may consist of diverse support for cultural activity towards a future institution that may facilitate a cultural and peace perspective. The international organizations together with Somali people who do care about the preservation of their culture could be involved in defense of Somalia’s Cultural Heritages with UNESCO to promote peace and reconciliation among warring factions in the country.
The main difficulties for such endeavor are the bibliographical sources, the cartographic basis for a research work, the possibility and consistency of data control, which are not available in Somalia; however, a lot could be done if a research project is established with UNESCO to survey Somalia’s Cultural Heritages. More than a century has passed since the colonial period to the collapse of its dictatorship and subsequent intervention consisting of preservation and protection of the cultural heritage; unfortunately, the export of cultural property is inexistent. In the handbook of national regulations concerning the export of cultural property prepared for UNESCO Somalia was reported as a nation without legislation on the matter. It was not a party to any international instruments concerning unlawfully exported cultural property.
So far, the only noteworthy activities undertaken till 1990 are listed below:
• In 1933 the Italian colonial administration transformed the building that was the representative residence of the Sultan of Zanzibar into Museum, the Garesa. It became the National Museum after the independence. Laws that should protect the past cultural heritages and the becoming ones did not follow such act. Today, the Garesa is destroyed and all “objects” looted.
• In 1966 UNESCO sent Dr. Reynolds to carry out a research on the Somalia cultural heritages. He came to the conclusion of the necessary steps to be implemented and recommendations on how to act for a serious administration of the past culture.
• In 1977, upon the request of the authority, UNESCO sent Dr. Nazimuddin. He submitted a detailed report on the gravity and seriousness the archaeological and monuments sites were. He observed, suggested, entrusted and emphasized the imperative necessity of legislative acts that should protect Somalia past heritages for the future (Nazimuddin:1977).
• In 1978, UNESCO sent Dr. Cole-King with an objective similar to his predecessors. He gave methodological advises, recommendations already known but never implemented although, to be presumed, were accepted to implement in order to not interrupt the flow of funds-aids, and appear, therefore, to international agencies-donors consenting and willing to the policy address granted previously (Cole – King: 1979).
• At the end of ’70s Dr. Posnansky, again from UNESCO, visited Somalia. As well as his predecessors, he left his advises, recommendations to be followed in the archaeological sites, the necessity to build other museums, their supposed organization and administration (Posnansky: 1979).
• In August 1968 N. Chittick undertook an archaeological exploration along the Southern Somalia Coast from Mogadishu to the border of Kenya. It was a stay of short length: two weeks. Therefore, the results achieved were necessarily approximate (Chittick: 1969).
• In March 1983, Hilary Costa Sanseverino set out on an archaeological exploration from the Southern Somalia coast of Bur Gavo to the border of Kenya at Ras Kiambone (Sanseverino: 1983). She visited, also, Barawa in her second trip. She described its relationship with the other settlements along the coast and together with the historical link to the East African settlements, stating that “it should not be a surprise that they have a common cultural heritage’s, religious and architecture” (Sanseverino, 1985, p.18).
• Researches and thesis were conducted in the Somali National University. Prof. Marina Molon is one of leading authority on Somalia’s Cultural Heritages. Her activities included an amplified stage within a research on the entire “East African Architecture, from the Southern Somalia to Mozambique” at the Polytechnic of Milan from 1992 to 1994 (Molon: 1994).
The will to consider Mogadishu as a city of art and to be saved emerged recently. Even though UNESCO has acted with laudable actions, the list compiled by its “experts” for the World Cultural Heritage Sites in Danger doesn’t include Somalia, its history and its people. Somalia with its present political situation can be included and its historical coastal towns and archaeological sites considered as part of the list of World Cultural Heritage Sites in Danger. The international community may act to save the rest of the past of this country. As a result of the civil war, Somalia’s cultural heritage is entitled to the attention and emergency conservation action of UNESCO.
Methodological Approaches for Future Action
International conventions exist for the sole purpose of cultural promotion for less developed countries that are not favored economically that are undermined by the elimination of its cultural heritage—a toxic mixture of policy, religion and tribalism, in the case of Somalia. Without the foundation of the past, the result is utter failure developmentally. Moreover, in post-conflict and peacebuilding situations a project for the past is the best proof that shows a serious attention towards the future.
Many factors and circumstances have contributed to threaten the architectural and environmental heritages in this historic and dramatic period in Somalia. Cultural heritage represents an integral part of culture and economic development. Architectural and environmental goods are part of the cultural heritage. Each of these aspects are critical for the development of any country—an inevitable resolve for each country’s development. They are an important conjunction that unites past and present. In the same time, they represent the foundation for any cultural change, strong social interactions as well as the exchange of ideas and plans for future development. Henceforth, such protection is able to further the cultural awareness of future generations in Somalia.
A second problem concerns the selection of “objects” of interest from a historical point of view and its period of belonging. These “archaeological objects” belonged to an ancient period; however, recent architectural production and the preservation of “archaeological objects” is significant in the context of urban process and spatial organization. For this purpose, it should be considered not only the buildings of XIX century, already known and reported by scholars, such as the residences of Barawa linked to the Zanzibar culture, but the architecture of colonial period with interesting features in Mogadishu old town center Shingaani (2nd Lido). The public buildings which was a valued Mogadishu urban landscape (Old Post Office) in Hamarweyne, and the Old Parliament building. All these are samples of an architecture that has given form to an important articulated joint of the urban center of Mogadishu. The royal Palace of Barqash was more than a century the royal residence of different Sultans and Princes of Mogadishu. Unfortunately, the Italian colonialization changed it into the Municipality of Mogadishu in the ’50s. Likewise, this national monument of priceless and historic value has been demolished by the dictatorship regime and substituted to Hotel Uruba, today completely unrecognizable.
There are examples of minor architecture, forms and landscapes that belong to the native culture, wielding significant cultural value. There has been heavy transformation in lifestyles as well as its economic roots in the primary sector. The entire territorial balance has been endangered by these transformations: 1) drastic reduction of wild animals , 2) reduction and impoverishment of the flora, 3) the concept of space in the nomadic society and 4) the sedentary communities currently living in the inter-riverine banks and in the coastal areas. Most of these areas of naturalistic interest and landscape along the Juba and Shebelle rivers are endangered.
The uncontrolled use of land has compromised some stretches of incomparable beauty, a similar fate occurring shortly in Jesira. Such land abuse has resulted in the mismanagement of Lido, the best beach in Mogadishu. Due to ecological disasters, it has become necessary to question the definition of the “object” to be protected, thus the need to a delimitation of the field–an essential consideration should be to enlarge the survey’s foundation. The methodological approach would be to deal with classifying not only the monuments as the famous mosques of Mogadishu (Hamarweyne Jamia, Fakhruddin, Arba’rukun, Abdulaziz), but, also, the others religious architecture in other towns in the country. The tombs considered are either those prestigious in the Southern Somalia in the Bajuni islands such as the pillar-tombs or those enclosed in a field such as the cemetery/mosque of Sheikh Sufi. Historical urban old centers are Hamarweyne, Shingaani in Mogadishu, Marka and Barawa, and the remaining almost disappeared town of the Old Warshiikh, Gendershe, Munghia, and El-Torre.
These archaeological sites belonged to the pre-Islamic period, the primary reason of archaeological excavation, although minimal compared to the sites scattered in Somalia’s landscape. In addition, the pastoral systems are severely fragile, graffiti overwhelms Bur Heybe and the ruins of Baydhabo require immediate preservation and protection. Beautiful areas are abundant along the coastal dunes of Somalia as well as the rivers where ravines are formed with aging trees of particular beauty awaiting to be classified and protected. Thus, many places contain significant traces of material culture; for example, the wells, the cemeteries along the coast those are inevitably doomed to disappear along with actual economic life. While scholars do not wield adequate power to protect and facilitate initiatives, the Cultural Heritage must designate which must be respected, protected, restored–a concern consisting of Somalia’s collective consciousness. However, the recovery, rehabilitation and requalification of historical cities are an aim of great complexity and will require a long-term period. The preposition formulated will be considered from their methodological work and criteria that shape them than the specific project results.
In conclusion, the classification and filing of the architectural and environmental heritages are the essential preamble towards the protection and conservation: doing it now, even in a summary procedure, does not seem an insurmountable task and could avoid errors of judgment or oversights. This preliminary project-study would prevent further degradation of archaeological sites and historic urban cores, thus ensuring their sustainability for future generations. It would help lay the foundation for coherent cultural heritage management.
Conclusion
Somalia’s cultural assets were subject of a sporadic survey from archaeologists while the architecture remains not much renowned, documented and even protected. It is presumable that the differentiation and vicissitudes of Somalia’s cultural heritage had its origin in the colonial period, in the post-independence governments, in the pseudo-revolution period, and, at the end, during the civil war. The Somali cultural heritage wasn’t protected. The Somali authority neglected it since the achievement of the independence. They lacked in guidance, management and inspiration of valuable culture. The reasons behind that being the resources available were used in other sectors considered erroneously more serious. At present there is no complete information or data on the extension of destruction in the old coastal towns of Somalia.
There is the old question of the management of historical centers in Somalia: cultural heritage and witnesses’ values cannot longer be disregarded in the process of peace and post-war reconstruction. It is necessary to reconstruct and prequalify the past of Somalia in order to reach a reversal tendency of the declined process and identify a solution of the problem. The consideration of the proper past could play a key role in the research for a solution of Somalia’s crisis. The past, the diversified archaeological resources, explored or not, and the architectural-environmental heritage’s have a deterrent role of restraint into the degeneration and mystification of tribal concepts. They could guide in a form of respect, peaceful and life in common. What to do to save the cultural heritages of a nation in the absence of reliable intermediaries in civil society? UNESCO policy on the World Cultural Heritage Sites in Danger should bring the inclusion of Somalia’s past for an effective management of cultural assets in terms of cultural heritage preservation and creation of conditions for increased economic benefits for future sustainable cultural development. There is a need to undertake in partnership with international organizations significant initiatives to protect, rehabilitate, restore and revitalize the cultural heritage that survived neglect and damage during 21 years of civil war. Cultural heritage represents a set of unique assets that Somali people can leverage to promote national reconciliation.
REFERENCES
Books:
Cassanelli L.V. 1994 Documenting the Social and Cultural History of the Somali Civil War. Department of History, University Pennsylvania.
Cassanelli L.V. 1982 The Shaping of Somali Society: Reconstructing the History of a Pastoral People, 1600-1900. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
Cerulli, E. 1957 Somalia: Scritti Vari Editi e Inediti. Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, Roma
Cole – King, P. A. 1979 Museum Organization. Serial No. FRM/CC/CH/130. UNESCO, Paris.
Corni, G. 1937 Somalia Italiana Vol. I-II. Editoriale Arte e Storia. Milan.
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. 1962 The East Africa Coast: Selected Documents from the First to the Early Nineteenth Century. Clorendon Press, Oxford.
Garlake, P.S. 1966 The Early Islamic Architecture of the East African Coast. Oxford University Press, London.
ICOMOS 1966 International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites. Paris.
Kirkman, J.S. 1964 Men and Monuments on East African Coast. Lutterworth Press, London.
Lyndell V. Prott and Patrick J. O’keefe 1988 UNESCO Handbook of National Regulations concerning the Export of Cultural Property; Paris.
Molon, M. 1994 Ricerca sull’Architettura dell’Africa Orientale. Progetto MURST. Politecnico di Milano, Facolta’ di Architettura, Dipartimento di Progettazione dell’ Architettura, 1992-94. Milan, not published.
Nazimuddin, A. 1977 A General Survey and Plan for the Preservation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage. UNESCO, Paris.
Posnansky, M. 1979 Museum and Antiquities Development. Serial No. FMR/CC/CH/79/129. UNESCO, Paris.
Strandes Justus 1968 The Portuguese Period in East Africa. Kenya Literature Bureau: Nairobi, Kenya.
Sutton, J. E. 1990 A Thousand Years of East Africa. British Institute of Eastern Africa, Nairobi.
UNESCO 1985 Conventions and Recommendations of UNESCO Concerning the Protection of the Cultural Heritage. Paris.
Usam Ghaidan 1992 Lamu. A Study of The Swahili Town. Kenya Literature Bureau, Nairobi.
Periodicals:
Alpers Edward 1983. “Muqdisho in the Nineteenth Century: A Regional Perspective” in Journal of African History, 24; pp. 441-459.
Chittick, N. 1969. “An Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Southern Somali Coast”. In Azania, No.4; pp. 115-30.
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. 1963. “Coins from Mogadishu, C. 1300-1700″. In Numismatic Chronicle; pp. 179-200.
Horton, M. 1986. “Asiatic Colonization on the East African Coast: the Manda Evidence”. In Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, No.2; pp. 210-231.
Matthew, G. 1975. “The Dating and Significance of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea”. In East Africa and Orient edited by H.N. Chittick and R.I. Rotberg, pp. 147-163. Africana Publishing Company, New York. McGimsey, C.R. III.
Molon M. and Vianello A. 1990. “Brava, Citta’ Dimenticata”. In Rivista di Storia Urbana No.53; pp. 200-240.
Sanseverino, H. C. 1983. “Archaeological Remains on the Southern Somali Coast”. In Azania XVIII; pp.152-164.
Sanseverino, H. C. 1985. “Barawa, the Coastal Town in Southern Somalia”. In Kenya Past and Present. National Museums of Kenya, Issue 17, pp. 16-23.
Proceedings:
Wilson, T.H. 1984. Site and Settlement Patterns of Coastal Jubaland, Southern Somalia. In Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Somali Studies, Vol. II, edited by Thomas Labahn. pp. 73-106. Helmut Buske Verlag, Hamburg.
The opinions contained in this article are solely those of the writer, and it does not represent the editorial opinions of Markacadeey online

In Isbaarooyinka laga nadiifiyo wadooyinka caasimadda dalka ee Muqdisho iyo wadanka intiisa kale wa tilaab aad u habboon, dadka Muqdisho deggana ay aad ugu riyaaqeen.
Sax ahaanshaha isbaaro qaadista ma ahan qodob doodi ka furan tahay balse su’aashu waxay tahay, haddii isbaaradii la qaaday maxaa qorshe ah oo loo diyaariyay wiilka qorayga garaarsan ee aaminsan in noloshiisu ay qorayga caaraddiisa ku jirto, qaab kalane aan aqoon?
Marka aan sidaa leeyahay waxaan dareensanahay in magaalada uu ku sugan yahay wiilkii isbaarada fadhin jiray oo wali heysta qoragii, iyo waliba ninkii uu wakiilka u ahaa oo isaguna saluugsan tallaabadaan horumarka ah maadaama uu weynayo dhaqaale maalinle ahaa oo isagoon dhididin qasnaddiisa ku soo dhici jiray. Wiilka qorayga wata wuxuu ku qasban yahay inuu helo qaad iyo xataa raashin aan ahayn kootada ciidamada loogu talo galay, waayo wuxuu bartay lacag aan xisaab lahayn isaguna uu maamulayo, wiilashaas intooda badana waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan dowladda u diiwaan gashaneyn
Hadaba wiilkii qorayga heestay qaacidadiisuna aheyd “Ku qabso ku qadi mayside” Barqadii ayuu asagoo qaadiraysan, qoraygiisane garaarsan afkuna qalalanyahay hurdada kasoo toosayaa.

Halkuu qabanayaa?
Sidii caadadiisa aheyd quraacda & qadada waxaa ka horeeyo oo uu ku qamaamaa waa qaadka. Markii hore waxa uu qabanjiray dhicaa iyo isbaarada uu qeyb ku lahaa, qeybtaas ayuuna suuqa uga fariisan jiray oo maadaama uu xillina isbaaro joogo marna uu qayilaayo waxaa yareyd inuu dambiyo kale oo aan labadaa la xiriirn sameeyo.
Haddase maadaama ay isbaaradii meesha ka baxday qayilaadda iyo raashinku wuxuu ku heli karaa inuu isbaaro kale u dhigto shacabka, oo gabadhii suuqa adeeg looga diraa wadada uu ku gacmagacmeeyo, Willkii iskuul u socdane gaari raaca uu ka qaataa.
Hooyooyinkana dhagaha dahabka uu uga gooyaa, Aabahane subaxdii mobilka uu ka furtaa , galabkiina biilka uu maanta dhan u soo dhididayay oo caruurta kula soo hoyan lahaa uu ka xoogaa. Habeenkii hadii la hurdane waxaa suura gal in guryaha loo soo dhaco, oo gabadhu xijaabkii ay iskuulka ku aadi laheyd laga xado. Dhamaan falalkaas waa suura gal haddii aysan jirin qorshe cad oo loogu talo galay in looga gaashaanto.
Xal in laga gaaro isbaarooyinka yaalla dalka isla markaana aanan dib loo arag, kuma filna kaliya in la kala ceyriyo wiilasha hubka sita ee jidadka taagan, hase yeeshee waxaa loo baahan yahay qorshe cad oo diiradda lagu saarayo dhammaan waxyaabaha xiriirka la leh isbarada dabeecad ahaan iyo dhinacyada saamenta ku leh oo ay ugu horreyaan dhallinyarada hubka loo dhiibtay ee ay ku adeeganayaan kuwa burcadda ah ee ay isbaarooyinku u yaalleen.
Askari kasta ama wiil kasta oo jooga Isbaaro ama laga ceyriyay waa in la ogaadaa halka uu aaday ama la geeyaa xero ciidan si looga soo saaro askari gudanaya waajibaadkiisa, kaddib marka uu helo xuquuqda uu leeyahay, haddii uu dhaqan celin u baahan yahayna loo sameeyo. Tallaabadaani waxay meesha ka saari kartaa in ay bilowdaan isbaarooyinka shaqsiyaadku dhigtaan oo xataa dadka shacabka ah dharka looga furto, wax aan qiimo lahayna loo dilo.
Sidoo kale in ciidan kasta oo joogay isbaaro ay dowladdu xareyso waxaa laga faa’iidayaa inay meesha ka baxaan maleeshiyaadka aan dowladda hoostagin ee ay heystaan guddoomiyeyaasha degmooyinka iyo saraakiisha haraadiga ka ah hoggaamiye kooxeedyada. Waana kuwaas dadka maamula inta badan isbaarooyinka yaalla magaalada Muqdisho.
Dhinaca kale golaha waziirada waxay soo saareen go’aan ciidamo lagu geynayo goobihii isbaarada laga qaaday. Waa tallaabo haboon oo xaaladda wax ka qaban karto, sugidda amaankana qeyb weyn ka qaadan karta. Balse waxaa ka fiirsi u baahan waxa askariga la geynayo goobta uu uga duwan yahay kii laga qaaday?
Dowladda waxaa la gudboon inay ku tiirsanaato ciidamada Booliska u badan ee hoos taga talisyada ay dowladdu maamusho, isla markaana ay ka fogaato ku tiirsanaanta ciidamada ay saamenta ku leeyihiin shaqsiyaadka ka faa’iideysanaya duruufaha uu dalku ku jiro, kana faa’iideysanaya magaca iyo shaatiga dowladeed, ayagoo ku adeeganaya hantida umadda.
Sidoo kale waxa in lagu baraarugsanaado u baahan in dhalinyarada loo adeegsanayo dagaallada iyo kuwa aan ciidanka rasmiga ah ahayn ee isbaarooyinka jooga ay yihiin muwaadiniin u baahan wacyi gelin iyo wax baris si ay bulshadooda uga mid noqdaan ama ay dowladda ugu shaqeeyaan.
Dadweynahane waxaa la gudboon inay dowladooda garab ku siiyaan sidii looga dhabeyn lahaa isbedelka hana qaaday ee dalka lagu gaarsiinaayo dowladnimo, ayadoo laga faa’iideysano fursadaha caalamiga ah iyo biseylka uu gaaray dadka
Soomaaliyeed.

Abdirahman Adle

Hore waxaan u qormay qormo ahayd: “Foolal cusub iyo Faro Caddaana” oo aan ku cabbiray in inta dagaal iyo dirir ka qaybqaadatay aan talo iyo xil naloogu dhiibin, isla sidoo kale aan xil naloogu dhiibin inta musuq iyo is daba marin samaysay. Qormadii xigtayna waxay ahayd: “Haraadigu yuusan kala harin!” oo aan ku xarriiqay in aan kuwii xilka hore u soo qabtay aan dib loo soo celin. Haddaba qormadan gunaanadka u ah halbeeggaa, ayaan ku qeexi doonaa HOGGAAN la’aan inaan dhibkan laga baxayn, ee aqris wanaagsan.
Arar
Waxaan la isku diiddanayn, in MOORYAANKU yahay QASADE dhib uun ka shaqeeya. Labadii meel isugu timaad MOORYAANKA inay isla Nacladaan ma ahane, isagama hor yimaadaan. JIRRUGU inuu yahay caqabadda ugu weyn ee hortaagan dawlad Soomaaliyeed, xasilooni iyo ammaan in la helo ayaan isku raacsannahay, balse, sidaa ma ahan, ee bal aqriste, waxyar qoraalka hoos u sii raac, aad ogaatide.
Sida labadan qodob la isugu waafaqsan yahay, ayaa waxaa jirta qodob liddi ku ah oo aan soo bandhigayo, anoon meel dheer ka doonayn, oo isla DAYDAYGII tusaale u soo qaadan doona. Haddaan MOORYAAN lahayn HORJOOGE ku haga xumaantaa iyo QOLO ku taageerta miyaa JIRRI dhalan lahaa? Haba dhashee, miyuu dhibkan gaysan lahaa? Ha gaystee, miyuu sii joogtayn lahaa? Haba sii joogteeyee, miyuu noqon lahaa lama taabtaan aan la hurin? Illeen wixii baddalkiisa gali lahaa ayaa meesha ka maqane, oo maxay yihiin? Waa midda aan ku faaqidi doona qormada, ee bal aqriska ha joojin.

Maamul iyo Hoggaan
MAAMUL waa: “Hagidda iyo hirgalinta qorshe xilli dhaw ama xilli fog la tiigsanayo”. Dabcan, qorshe maalimeedkuna yahay yoolka koowaad, illeen haddaan iyada la fulin inta kale inay dhaqangalaan waa: CALAACAL TIMA KA SOO BAXAANE! Sida awgeed, maamulkii wanaagsanaadaa, wuxuu helay HOGGAAN, oo haddaa HOGGAANNA muxuu yahay?
HOGGAAMINTU waa: “Unugga isku xira koox, qolo, qayb isku shaqo ah ama dan wadaag ah” sidoo kale, waxaan marna laga maarmin in aan sheego HOGGAAMIYAHA, oo ah unugga aan xusnay qofka gunaddiisa leh. Haddaba HOGGAAMIYE waa: “Qof loo xilsaaray ama isu xilqaamay hagaajinta iyo meelmarinta qorshe nololeedka Aadanaha”. Wuxuu leeyahay meel uu higsanayo, hadaf uu tiigsanayo, ujeeddo uu bartilmaameedsanayo oo ah: Dajinta qorshooyin la xiriira aayaha dambe iyo mustaqbalka foodda inagu soo haya, saadaasha, sahaminta iyo odoroska yool aan hummaaggiisu muuqan, illeen; qorshe la’aani waa nolol la’aane.
In kasta oo casrigan qaab nololeedka dadku aad u hormartay, ay jiraan shuruudo badan oo hoggaanka, hoggaaminta iyo hoggaamiyahaba lagu xiro, haddana, kuwaa iyo kuwa dib ka imaan kara ama kuwo laga gudbayba sida loo nool yahay awgeed, waxaa biyo kama dhibcaan ah, in hoggaamiyaha aan GACAN LAGU SAMAYN, SANDUUQ DOORASHANA laga soo dhex bixin, ee ay tahay ABUURIS iyo BAXAALLI hore, amase DHALSHO iyo GEELADAAQ u gaar ah, oo dabcan ay wehliso WAAYO ARAGNIMO iyo KHIBRAD nololeed, bal murtidan dhuux: “Dadku waa : Madax ku Cirroole [Waayeel] Maan ku Cirroole [Waayo arag] iyo Mijo ku Cirroole [Dalmar/Dhulmareen]”.
Dhibka Soomaalida la degay ee isugu jira faragalinta shisheeye, shisheeye kalkaalka, qabyaaladda iyo dhimaalka dhaqanka, si kale haddaan u dhaho: lagdanka gudaha iyo loollanka dibadda ka sokow, waxaa jira arrin muhim ah, oo aan wali lagu baraarugin, haddaan taa xalkeeda la helinna aan xalka Soomaaliya soo degdegayn, haddii uusan qar dheer iyo haadaan ka sii dhicin. Arrinta lagu baraarugi waayey waxay tahay: HOGGAAMIYE u qalma inuu Soomaliya hoggaansho, ama ugu yaraan leh astaan hoggaamiye.
Hoggaamin habboon
Murti dhaxalgal ah oo Soomaaliyeed baa tiraa: “Xukun waxaa kaa qaada: GAR QALLOOCAN, GACAN LAABAN iyo GUDDOON JILICSAN” guddoon jilicsan loogama jeedo inaad dadka ku amar ku taaglayso ama aad kali taliye noqoto! Balse, waxaa looga jeedaa inaadan noqon in go’aan jilicsan ee inta go’aan qaata haddana ka laabta.
Saddaxda qodob ee murtida ku jira, midba si baa loo hirgalshay, walise ma dhicin in mid qura ama dhammaantood sida murtidu u sheegayso loo hirgaliyey, iyadoon la xadgudbin ama lagu talaxtagin. Marka waxaan dhihi lahaa xal raadinta Soomaaliya ha lagu daro HOGGAAMIYE RAADIN, macnaheeda ma ahan in la MACMALI karo, balse, in HOGGAANKA ruuxa qabanayo nala ka eego, si aan mar walba u dhicin: “Jugjug meeshaada joog”.
Inta aysan ila durgin qormadu, ayaan jeclaan lahaa inaan duljoogsado dhawr qodob oo muhim u ah HOGGAAMIYAHA, si HOGGAANKU u noqdo wax ku ool miradhala, waxayna yihiin:
1.Isku kalsoonaan.
2.Qorshayn qoran.
3.Go’aan qayaxan.
4.Aragti qeexan
5.Barashada xallinta dhibaatooyinka
6.Dhimrin & Dhimirqab
Bal anagoo ka duulayna qodobbadan dhawrka ah, maxay aqriste kula tahay inay ku sifaysan yihiin madaxdii hoggaanka dalka soo qabatay iyo kuwa iminka hayaba? Waxaad ogaataa sida ay u muqan yihiin qodobbadani, waxaa u maqnaan doonaa in aan helno maamul iyo dawlad, magac wuu jiraa, wuuna jiri doona, balse, marna lagama yaabo in laga gudbo JIRRI iyo jaafaa liq.
Aqriste, haddaan aragti iyo qodob kugu badshay, aan kuu daadajiyo waaqica iyo xaalka dhabta ah ee jira. Astaamahan waxaan ku dabaqi doonnaa madaxda joogta, illeen kuwii tagay ee qaarkood dhulka ka hooseeyaan [GEERIYOODEEN] nooma jawaabi karaan, qaarka WALI dhulka kor joogana [NOOL] maba oga ama maba garan karaan wixii dhacay, siday u dheceen iyo waxa keenay ama sababaye! Maxaa yeelay hadduu intaa ogyihiin sida xaalku ku dhammaaday kuma idlaadeen, ee waxayu ku dadaali lahaayeen inay wax badalaan, si loo helo xal degdeg ah iyo xasillooni waarta.
Madaxda dawladda ugu sarraysa maalmihii xilka looga tanaasulay ama loogu shubay ama loo magacaabay, dadka qaar waxay u ahayd maalmo ISBADAL, haddana, ma sheegi karaan waxa isbadalay, iska daa inay garanayaane! Illeen wixii la garanayaa la sheegaaye, haddana, bal aan la gurinno, si aan naloo dhihin waxaad tihiin dawlad diid iyo qaran dumis! [QASWADE] Oo ayaamahan Moodo iska noqotay, oo sida muuqata badashay eragii ahaa: KACAAN DIID ama TAWRAD DIID!
Madaxdan waxaan ku eegaynaa qodobbada kala ah: ARAGTI QEEXAN, QORSHAYN QORAN IYO GO’AAN CAD. Weydiinta ugu weyni waa: marka aan eego arrimo badan oo Waddanka ka jira, sida: AMMAANKA CAASIMADDA, CIIDANKA KENYA, XAALADDA JUBBOOYINKA, DIB U DEJINTA QAXOOTIGA IQB, Qodobbadan iyo kuwa kale, maxay ka qabteen madaxdan? Ma la yimaadeen aragti qeexan? Ma laga helay qorshe qoran? Ma qaateen go’aan cad? Waxaan filaa warcelinnadu inay wada noqonayaan MAYA, oo haddaa, xaggee Salaaddu iska qaban la’dahay?.
Iyagoo ka gaabshay qodobbadan iyo kuwa la midka ah ee nolol maalmeedka aan ka maqnaanin karin ayey dhankii qalcoonaa u fekereen, illeen miyir fayoobi haddii la waayo waxaa imanaysa maan guran, maskax gurracan iyo mayal adayg aan majare iyo meel loo raaco lahayn.
Dayaca jira, dumarka iyo weeyaalka meel walba daadsan, Agoonta iyo cirroolaha aan aagaan iyo agab midna haysan, Muqdisho oo noqotay Magaalo Qaxooti dhexda, dhinac iyo dhan walba ka deggan yihiin ayaa Baarlamaanka lagu sheegu in 70% ay yihiin AQOON YAHAN badalay QABQABLAYAASHII lana gaaray xilligii ISBADALKA waxay doonayaan inay u codeeyaan inay MUSHAAR u qaataan bil walba SHAN KUN DOLLAR 5.000$.
Midda marag ma doontada ah waxay tahay in xubnaha Baarlamaanka ay kala yihiin; GANACSATO, qaarkood ay u soo dagaan Maraakiib iyo Doomo, oo haddaa ma wuxuu u baahan yihiin lacagtaa? Qaar kale, waxay madax ka yihiin ama la shaqeeyaan hay’ado maxalli iyo dawli ah, oo iyaguna ma waxay u baahan yihiin lacagtaa? Waxaa kaloo jira mudanayaal deegaankooda rasmiga ahi yihiin dalal shisheeye, oo haddaa miyuusan is dabbari karin? Kaba muhimsane, maxay ku mutaysteen lacagtaa, iyagoon wali hal mooshin oo nuxur leh ansixin? Anigu ma garan.
Madaxdii ka tirsanayd dawladdii hore, Madaxweynuhu wuxuu bil walba qaadanayey mushaar dhan BOQOL KUN OO DOLLAR, halka Wasiirka koowaad qaadanayey TODOBAATAN KUN DOLLAR, Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaankuna qaadanayey SIDDEETAN KUN DOLLAR, Ra’iisul Wasaaruhuna qaadanayey TODOBAANTAN KUN OO DOLLAR, waaba iga su’aale; fadeexo arrinkan ka weyn yaa arkay?. Hore waan u sheegay haddana waan ku celinayaa, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la caddeeyo lana xaddido Mushaarka Madaxda Dawladda, sidoo kale, waxaa damiir la’aan ah, nin asaguba Xamar Qaxooti ku ah inuu iska qaato lacag uusan mudnayn? Oo maxaan uga jeedaa? Bal aan jilciyo.
Dawladdu waa FEDERAL “GOBOLAYSI” mudane walba, wuxuu matalaa deegaan, sidaa awgeed, waa inuu mushaarka ka keensado deegannada uu ku matalo Baarlamaanka ama Xukuumadda, maxaa yeelay, suuragal ma ahan in maalin walba loo soo taagnaado DEKEDDA IYO GAROONKA MUQDISHO Canshuuraadka laga soo qaado, ama deeq dunidu bixiso, oo kaalay dalku Dekado iyo Garoommo kale ma lahan miyaa? Miyeysan jirin meelo kale oo Canshuuro shacabka looga qaado? Miyeysan joogin mudanayaal ka soo jeeda deegaannadaa?.
Midda kaba muhimsan baa ah, horta xildhibaanka yaa soo doortay? Waxaa keensaday ODAY Canka Buuri ugu jiroo, Shaarbbo Galoolanoo Dabo ku Rays leh, haddaba, Xildhibaanka doonaya mushaar, ha u doonto Odagaa soo magacaabay? Aan sii ballaarshee, ha u doonto Beesha uu ka dhashay ee meesha keensatay, illeen maamulka dawladdu wuxuu ku dhisan yahay waa afar iyo bar oo ka dhigan beelee.
Horta waaba su’aale, Dekadda iyo Garoonka Muqdisha ma Qaalli baa u qoray inay baxshaan mushaarka dawlad walba ee la dhiso? Mise sheekadu waa; SIDII HA AHAATO, HALKIINA HA JOOGTO! Run ahaan waa wax aan suuragal ahayn in marna dadka FEDERAL “BEELAYSI” lagu tatajiyo, marna, aan qodobkii ugu muhimsanaa ee DHAQAALAHA la xiriiray la dhaqangalin.
Aqriste, aan kuu jilciyee horaba FEDERAL “BEELO” ah ayaan u ahayn, oo beel weliba dhib iyo dheefteeda gaar ayay u qaybsan jirtay, illeen heer; Qoys, Raas, Jilib, Jufo iyo Beel guudba ayaa loo wadaagaaye, waxayna leeyihiin BOQOLLEEY ay wax ku qaybsadaan, haddaan xubnihii dalka maamulayey ku qaybsannay, maxaa diidaya in dhaqaalaha soo gala iyo kan baxayaba aan ku qaybsanno beel?! Aqriste, xal ma u aragtaa? Waan dareemaa inay adagtahay.
Aqriste, ha is dhihin HOGGAAMIYE ayaad noo waddaye, maxaad Baarlamaan mushaarkooda u gashay? Waxaan kuu sheegayaa in; qof walba HOGGAAMIYE ka yahay meesha uu AGAASIMO, sidaa awgeed, baan u arkay inay tahay muhim xusidda arrintan, waliba aan ku daro xalkeeda oo saxan, dhanka qaraar iyo dhanka qummanba, illeen waxaa habboon inaan marna runta laga gabbane.

Dhammaad.
Bashiir M. Xersi

Kooxda kubadda cagta ee Manchester United ayaa waxay si weyn u doon dooneysaa xidiga reer Poland ee Robert Lewandowski, kaasoo xilligaan waqti fiican la qaadanaaya kooxdiisa Dortmund
Tababaraha kooxda kubadda cagta ee Dortmound Jurgen Klopp ayaa wuxuu shaaca ka qaaday in bisha Janaayo ee sanadka cusub, aysan waxba ka bedeli doonin qorshahooda ku aadan suuqa kala iibsiga ciyaartoyda.
Tababaraha ayaa wuxuu sheegay inaysan iibin doonin xidigooda afka hore uga ciyaara ee Robert Lewandowski, isla-markaana wuxuu Maamulka Manchester United uu ku wargeliyay inay iska ilaawaan.
Wuxuu sheegay inaysan xilligaan wax wal wal ah ka qabin dhinaca Robert Lewandowski, maadaama uu sheegay in uu heshiis uu kula jooggo kooxda, isla-markaana uu heshiiskiisu waqti fiican uga harsan yahay.
Kooxda Man United ayaa waxaa shalay la shaaciyay inay heshiis 12 milyan oo Gini gaaraaya ay kula soo wareegi doonto Lewandowski, hase ahaatee taasi ayaa waxaa si layaab leh uga jawaabay tababare Jurgen Klopp.
“Waa la soo dhaafay xilligii kooxo waaweyn oo qani ah oo Ingiriiska ka dhisan ay halkaan imaanayeen, ayna Jarmalka ka wadan jireyn ciyaartoy.” ayuu yiri Jurgen Klopp.
Wax sahlan maaha in xilligaan Manchester United ay gacanta ku soo dhigto weeraryahanka xulka qaranka ee Poland iyo kooxda Dortmound Robert Lewandowski.

Masuuliyiinta maamulka degmada Dayniile ayaa ka hadlay dil xalay ka dhacay degmada Dayniile kaasi oo loo geystay haweenay ku sugneyd degmadaasi.
Daahir Xasan Xuseen Gudoomiyaha degmada Dayniile oo la hadlay saxaafada ayaa sheegay in maamulka uu ka warqabo dilkii xalay loo geystay haweenay ku dhaqneyd degmada.
Ciidamada maamulka ayuu sheegay inay gacanta kusoo dhigeen dad lagu tuhmayo inay ka dambeeyeen dilka loo geystay haweenaydaan ku dhaqan degmada Dayniile.
Waxaa uu dhanka kale sheegay inay sii wadayaan baaritaanada ay ku qabqabanayaan dadka dilalka ka geystay degmada Dayniile sida uu sheegay gudomiye Daahir Xasan Xuseen.
Xalay ayeey aheyd markii kooxo hubaysan ay Degmada Dayniile ku toogteen qof haween ah oo sida la sheegay kamid aheyd dadka Degmada sidoo kalena goob ganacsi ku laheyd halkaasi.

MOGADISHU(Sh.M.Network)— Wararka ka imaanaya magaalada kismaayo ee Xarunta Gobolka Jubba hoose ayaa waxa ay sheegayaan In raashin gargaar oo ay keentey jimciyada Al- kheyriyah looguna tala galay dadka barakacayaasha ee musmaasuq ku sameeyeen Maleeshiyada Raaskabooni ee ku sugan Qeyboka mid ah Gobolada jubboooyinka .
Mid ka mid ah dadkii loo qeybiyey raashinka oo la soo xiriirrey idaacada Shabelle ayaa waxa uu sheegey in raashinkii gargaarka ahaa ee loogu tala galay dadka barakacayaasha ah laga iibsadey gacancsatada ku sugan Magaalada kismaayo iyadoona dadkii loogu tala galay raashinkaasi loo qeybiyey raashin dhacay wuxuuna tilmaamey in dhibaatooyin fara badan ay heestaan dadkaasi.
Waa Gargaarkii ugu horeesey  ee la gaarsiiyo dadka Barakacayaasha ah ee ku sugan Magaalada kismaayo tan iyo markii halkaasi ay ka baxeyn xarakada Al-Shabaab oo horey u maamuli jirtey Magaaladaasi iyadoo dadka barakacayaasha ah ay ka soo yeertey in raashin gargaar oo ay gaarsiisey jimciyada Al-qeyriyah ay musuqmaasuqdey Ururka Raaskanbooni.

MOGADISHU(Sh.M.Network)— Dhaawaca soo gaarey Taliyaha Ciidamada ilaalinta Wadooyinka Generaal Cali xirse Bare Cali Gaab ayaa waxaa ka soo baxaya warar kala duwna oo ku aadan qaabkii uu u dhaawacmey Generaal Cali Gaab.
Taliyaha ayaa waxa uu ka dhaawacmey Lugta sida ay inoo sheegeyn ilaaladiisa waxaana la geeyey isbitaalka Daarul shifaa ee Magaalada Muqdisho si loogu dabiibo halkaasi.
Wariyaal badan oo gaarey durbadiiba isbitaalka Daarulshifa si wax badan ay kaga ogaadaan dhaawaca soo gaarey taliyaha ciidamada Ilaalinta wadooyinka Cali Gaab hayeeshee waxaa is hortaagey wariyaasha ilaalada gaarka u ah taliyaha iyagoona diidey in la wareysto taliyaha xaalad caafimaad darteed aysana wax wareysi ah aysan dhiibi karin ilaa amar dambe.
Dhanka kale Generaalka Axmed Xasan Maalin taliyaha Ciidanka Booliska gobolka Banaadir ayaa inoo xaqiijiyey in taliyahu uu dhaawacey nin ka tirsan ciidamada Haatana gacanta lagu haayo waxaana uu intaa ku darey in Taliye Cali Gaab uu hataan fiican yahay cagahiisana uu ku socdo warbaahinta uu la hadli doono  .

Mid ka mid ah askarta ciidamada dowlada Soomaaliya ayaa maanta dhaawac u geystay Taliyaha ciidamada ilaalada waddooyinka ee loo yaqaan Taraafikada.
Cali Xersi Bare ayaa xiligii la dhaawacayay wuxuu ku sugnaa degmada Waaberi ee Gobolka Banaadir halkaasi oo uu ka waday kala hagaajinta gaadiidka.
Wararka ayaa sheegaya in dhaawaca Cali Gaab uu yimid ka dib markii isaga iyo askariga ay iskula dhageen guriga,kadibna ay ku fakatay rasaas.
Taliyaha ayaa xabada waxay kaga dhacday lugta midig taasi oo sababtay inb loola cararo  isbitaalka daarul shifa oo ku dhow goobta falka uu ka dhacay.
Cali Gaab ayaa diiday inuu la hadlay warbaahinta saacadaha soo socda ayaa laguwadaa in laga saaro isbitaalka Daarul Shifa ee Magaalada Muqdisho.
Waxaana xaaladiisa ay tahay mid wanaagsan kadib markii uu la hadlay Idaacadaha magaalada Muqdisho.

Kooxda Islaamiga ee al-Shabaab ayaa weerar ku qaadday saldhig ay leeyihiin ciidmada dowladda Soomaaliya oo ku yaal meel u dhaw magaalada Jowhar ee Koonfurta Soomaaliya. Dhimasho iyo dhaawac ayaa soo gaaray labada dhinacba.

Waxaa shalay iyo doraad siyaabo kala duwan looga dejiyey magaalooyinka Hargeysa iyo Boosaaso maxaabiis burcad badeed ah, kuwaas oo ku xirnaa dalal ka duwan oo caalamka ah, iyadoo maxaabiista loo soo wareejiyey sida la sheegay xabsiyo cusub oo loogu talogalay in lagu hayo kooxaha burcad badeeda oo laga hirgeliyey deegaanada Somaliland iyo Puntland.
 Sida warku sheegayo waxaa shalay markii ugu horeysay lagu wareejiyay maamulka Puntland 5 ka mid ah 40-dhalinyaro Soomaali ah, kuwaas oo xabsiyo ku yaala caalamka ugu xirnaa dembiyo la xiriira burcad badeednimo, kuwaas qurshuhu yahay in Puntland lagu wareejiyo si ay halkaasi ugu dhameystaan xabsiyada lagu xukumay oo u dhexeeya 10 illa 24-sano.
Kooxahan maxaabiista ee Soomaalida ah oo laga soo qaaday Jasiiradda Seychelles ayaa shalay lagu wareejiyey maamulka Puntland, waxaana inta ka dhiman xabsiyada horey loogu xukumay ay ku dhameysandoonaan xabsiyo ku yaala Puntland, iyadoo sidoo kale ay jiraan in 12-kale oo lagu wareejiyey iyana maamulka Somaliland, waxaana la sheegay in maxaabiistan dib loo soo celiyey ka dib markii ay dalbadeen in lagu soo celiyo Soomaaliya.
Xubna shalay lagu wareejiyey maamulka Puntland ayaa magacyadoodu iyo dhalashadoodu waxaa lagu kala sheegay sida tan:- C/laahi Maxamed Xuseen {Darood/Majeerteen}, Salaad Maxamed Diiriye {Hawiye/Habargidir}, Ina Mire Muuse {Daarood/Majerteen/Ciise Maxamuud}, Cabdi Axmed Faarax {Daarood/Mareexaan} iyo C/qaadir Xaashi Cawaale {Hawiye/Habargidir}.
Sidoo kale Maamulka Somaliland ayaa lagu wareejiyay maxaabiis Soomaali ah oo burcad badeenimo ku eedeysan kuwaas oo ay dowladda Jasiirada Seychelles ku xukuntay dalkeeda ka dibna ay ku soowareejisay maamulka Somaliland si ay sanadaha u harsan ugu dhameystaan xabsiyo ku yaalla Somaliland.
Qaramada Midoobay ayaa heshiis kula gashay maamulada Somaliland iyo Puntland inay deegaanada ka dhisaan xabsiyo waa-weynoo lagu hayo kooxaha burcad badeeda soomaalida ee xabsiyada kala duwan adduunka kaga jira kuwaas oo loo qoondeeyay in xabsiyada lagu kala xukumo ay ku dhameystaan gudaha dalka Soomaaliya gaar ahaan mamulada Somaliland iyo Puntland oo loo arkay inay ka xasiloonyihiin Soomaaliya inteeda kale.

MOGADISHU (Sh.M.Network)— Wasiirka Howlaha Guud iyo dib u dhiska Dalka Muxyidiin Maxamed Kaalmooy oo la Hadley Idaacada Shabelle ee Magaalada Muqdisho ayaa sheegey in uu socdo qorsho Maamulka Gobolka Banaadir looga Joojinayo Canshuurta uu ka qaado Dekada Weyn Ee Magaalada Muqdisho.
Wasiirka ayaa xusey in awaamiirta Madaxweynaha si toos ah looga dhaqan galinaayo gudaha Dalka isla mar ahaataana aan la qaadi karin canshuur aysan ka war qabin Wasaarada Maaliyada dowladda Soomaaliya .
Sidoo kale wasiirka Howlaha Guud iyo Dibudhiska Dalka Muxyidiin Maxamed Kaalmooy ayaa sheegey inuu socdo qorsho dib loogu soo celinayo hantidii qaranka sida diyaaridihii , maraakiibtii uu lahaa Qaranka Soomaaliyeed isagoona xusey in gudo wasiiro ah loo xilsaarey in arintaasi ay dardargaliyaan.
Hadalka wasaarada Howlaha Guud iyo dib u dhiska Dalka ayaa imaanaya xili dhawaan kulan ay muqdisho ku yeesheyn golaha wasiirada Soomaaliya ay ku sheegeyn inaan la qaadi karin wax canshuur ah oo aysan ka warqabin wasaarada Maaliyada iyadoona ay xusid mudan tahay in gudoomiyaha gobolka Banaadir ahna Duqa Magaalada Muqdisho Maxamuud Axmed Nuur Tarsan uu ka dhawaajiyey in la sii wadayo qaadista canshuuraha.

Maalmuhu kala wanaagsan, dadkuna kala aayan wacan, shucuubtuna kala aayo hagaagsan, adduunkuna waa mareeg Maalmuhu ku dul wareegaan. Maalmuhu waxay isugu jiraan: qaraar iyo macaan, xun iyo wanaagsan, madow iyo caddaan, murugo iyo farxad. Jaadadkaas maalmaha waxay yihiin hadba sida ay u soo marto Qofka, Qoyska, Bulshooyinka, Shucuubta, Umadaha iyo Qaramada, tilmaanta ay qaadanayaan maalmuhu waxay kaga imanaysaa saamaynta iyo raadka ay ku yeelato nolosha dadka iyo natiijada ka dhalata, sargoynta maalintu waa wixii dhaca oo dhacdooyina 24-ka saac ee ay ka kooban tahay iyo sida ay u hareeyaan nolosha.
Soomaaliya waxay soo maartay maalmo kala duwan, maalin xun iyo maalin wanaagsan, haba u badnaadeen maalmaha xun, iyadoo waliba ay heerar kala ahayd marka lagu sameeyo is barbardhig. Maalmaha xun ee na soo maray, waxaa ugu sii xumaa burburkii Dawladda, sanadihii murug maarugta, colaadaha iyo dagaallada sokeeye, kuna baahday gees-ka-gees dadlka dhaliyana fawdada iyo jaantaa rogan, ee la galay tiiha lagu jiray iyo xarig jiidka aan dhammaadka lahayn. Waxaa Soomaaliya soo maray maalmo kala sarreeya kuna duwan (soocan) xummaanta, maalinba waxay noo dhiibtay maalin.
Ujeedka qormadu ma ahan inay soo koobto wixii dhacay inta bil December na soo martay, balse, waxaan isku dayeynnaa inaan ka soo qaadanno dhacdooyin kala duwan oo wada dhacay isla bashaa, waxaan u adeegsannay sida ay u kala horreeyeen xagga sanadka, inagoo ka soo billownay sooyaalka hore deedna ku keennay kiwii ugu dambeeyey ee dhacay, marka qofkii aweeddiisu tahay inuu wax ku daro taariikhdan way u furan tahay.

Burburkii Dawladdii dhexe!
Bal aan ka billaabo 31 December sanadkii 1990-kii oo ku beegan burburkii dawladdii dhexe, waxaa maalintaa iyo bishaa wixii ka dambeeyey dalku galay dagaal magacyo kala duwan yeeshay, qaabab kala duwanna isu rogay, dhibaatadii ka dhalatay ay wali taagan tahay oo aysan dhammaan ama aan laga gudbin, waxaa maalintaasi horseed u noqotay heeryada habacsanaanta iyo hiilka qabiilka aan loo hayb dayin ee aan la hubsan.
December 1990-kii waxaa dalku u gacan galay jabhado hubaysan oo ka soo wada duulay dhanka Itoobiya, waxayna ku guulaysteen inay dalka diirtaan oo aysan hambayn Jiingad Lamayeeri iyo Mutuleel, waxay ku guul darraysteen inay ammaankii jiray wax ku biiriyaan ama sii adkeeyaan maadaama uu meesha ka baxay nidaamkii kali taliga ahaa, mindhaa lagama fekerin; maxaa dhacaya haddii sidaan wax loo maareeyo?!
Runtii bisha December waxay reebtay xanuunno aan waligood bogsoonayn lagase yaabo inay wax iska badalaan sida wax yihiin ama wax ku socdaan, bishan waxaa lagu xasuustaa maalmo aad u qaraar oo Soomaali soo maray ayna ugu horrayso rididdii dawladii dhexe iyo burburintii qarankii Soomaaliyeed, oo aan filaayo inay tahay mid sabab u ah wixii xigay ee dhacay ama ka dambeeyey.
Dagaalkii sokeeye iyo colaadihii ka dhex qarxay Soomaali ilaa jibsin hoose waa midda ilaa hadda taagan ee aan wali lagu guulaysan in xal laga gaaro, dhacdooyinkii kala gadisnaa ee soo maray dalka intii u ku jiray burburka waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa xilkeeda bisha December, oo ah bishii ay dawladdii dhacday, ujeedka ma ahan in maalin bil, sanad iyo xilli go’an la eedeeyo ee waa uun tilmaam xilliyeed timid xilligaa oo la eeday!.
Burburka qof, qoys ilaa qaran ku timid waa mid natiijadiisa la arkay ama la gartay, maxaa yeelay Soomaali wixii astaan dawladeed ay lahayd waa la wada moosay, dhaqan wixii ay lahaydna waa laga wada tallaabsaday, hidde la ilaalsho isaga warkiis haba sheegin, wax badan oo laga sarriingan jiray maanta wa lagu dhiirraday, taasna waxaa u sababa buburka aan waxba hambayn ee dhammaan wada gaaray ee lagu wada gumoobay!
Dabcan December 1990-kii ka sheekaynteedu dhammaan mayso oo ma ahan mid sadarro iyo dhowr xariiqmo lagu soo koobi karo, balse, waxaa mar walba meesha yaalla ee aan la illoobi karin wixii dhacay dhammaadkii bishaa iyo sanadkaas oo noqday billowga burburka Soomaali, beegsiga biri magaydada iyo bililiqada baahday ee waxba aan baal marin, waxay astaan u noqotay sanadaha ballowga colaadaha.

Galitaankii Xabashida ee Muqdisha!
Waxaan ku labaynaynnaa maalintii Xabashidu ay soo galay Muqdisha, Ciidanka Xabashidu wuxuu horay u caadaystay inuu ku soo xad gudbo soona galo xadka uu Soomaaliya la leeyahay, gaar ahaan Goballada iyo Degnooyinka ku teedsan xuduudka sida: Goballada Gedo, Bakool, Mudug iyo Galguduud, balse 28-kii December 2006-dii waxay Ciidanka Xabashida soo galeen Magaalada Muqdisho, Xaruntii Dalka, Xuduntii Waddanka, Hoygii Umadda, maalintaas waxay ahady maalin Murugo leh, waxay ahayd maalin Tiiraanyo leh, waxay ahayd maalin Xanuun badan leh, waxay ahayd maalin Waddani kasta oo Soomaaliyeed is waydiiyey sida ay wax u socdaan, iyo sida ay wax u dheceen? Waa hubaal in waddaniyiin badan ay la ilmeeyeen maalintaas waxa dhacay, ayna ku reebtay gocosho iyo xusuus aan kala go’ayn inta ay nool yihiin.
28-ka December maalin kala barta taariiqda Soomaalida, wixii la soo maray ee sooyaal ah iyo waxa soo socda ee la xiriira aayaha, maalin taariiq cusub u billaabatay Soomaalida, maalin ay xusi doonto taariiqdu, balse, waa su’aale maxay ku xusi doontaa? Maxay ku sheegi doontaa? Maxay ku tilmaami doontaa? Siday uga warbixin doontaa?!
28-ka December 2006-dii, waxay caro iyo ciil ku abuurtay inta ay ku dambayso laabtooda dareenka Waddaninimo, heer ay ku sigteen inay is daldalaan ama is marjiyaan, Xabashidu marka ay soo galeen gudaha Magaalada Muqdisho waxay isla markiiba baro ciidan ka dhigteen: Astaamihii Qaranka, Barihii laga maamuli jiray Dalka, sida: Wasaaraddii Gaashaandhigga, oo ahayd halka laga bixin jiray amarradii dagaalkii 77-ban, ee dhax maray labada dal, waxay kaloo degeen Villa Soomaaliya, Aqalkii Madaxtooyada, taasina waxay daliil marag ma doonto ah u ahayd ujeedada gurracan ee Xabashidu la maaggan tahay Soomaaliya, bal u fiirso ciidankii huwanta ee UNISOM ee Soomaaliya yimid horraantii sagaashamaadkii, marna ma degin baro tilmaamaysa Astaan Qarannimo, sidoo kale eeg, ciidamada Ugandha waxay ku ekaadeen garoonka diyaarada iyo dekedda weyn ee Muqdisha, balse, waxa Xabashidu u dageen Wasaaradda Gaashaandhigga, Xaruntii Xisbiga Hanti Wadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed iyo Villa Soomaaliya, waxay muujinaysaa danaha ay u soo galeen Soomaaliya ayna ku doonayaan inay Soomaaliya ku sii haystaan!
Soomaalidu ma waxay sugaysay 28-ka December oo kale? Xabashse ma ku soo dhacday inuu Muqdisho ku dhex maro dabbaado gaashaaman iyo cudud Military? Dabcan taas waxaa ugu yeeray Wadaadadii waallida waday, waxaana ku marti qaaday Dawladdii C/laahi Yuusuf, waa la yaab in Xabashku wuxuu xeelad iyo xoog ku qaadi waayey ay Soomaalidu u suura galiso, una sahasho sidii ay u xaqiijin lahaayeen! 28-ka December waa maalin uu la Cirroobay Sabiga Soomaaliyeed, Cirroolana uu la calaacalay, Xaamiladiina ay la dhicisay, xanuunkeeda awgeed iyo walbahaarka ay wadato darteed, 28-ka December maalin billow u ahayd dhibkii Soomaaliya ku habsaday sanadkii 2007-da, Dhimashada, Dhaawaca, Qaxa, Barakaca, Xasuuqa, iyo burburinta Hantida Dadweynaha.
28-ka December maalin mugdi galisay aayaha Soomaaliya, maalin la garwaaqsay Dulliga iyo Ducfiga ay Soomaaliya dul sabbaynayso, 28-ka December maalin dib usoo noolaysay Dagaal-oogayaashii daashaday Soomaaliya, maalin kor u qaaddayTabcanayaasha Yigreega, maalin Xushamaysay Xigaalada Xabashida.
28-ka December maalin Murugo! Maalin Naxdin! Maalin Gocosho! Maalin Xumeed! Maalin Tiiraanyo! Maalin Haydaaro! Maalin dareen! Maalin Dhiillo! Maalin walaac! Maalin Walaahood! Maalin Walwal! Maalin Balaayo! Maalin Dullinimo! Maalin Gunnimo! Maalin qiyaano! Maalin Lur! Maalin Marooro-Dillaac!

Qaraxii Hotel Shamow!
Waxaan ku sadaxaynaynnaa 03-ka December 2009 maalintaas oo qarax aad u xooggan lala beegsaday xaflad qalin jabin ah oo ka dhacaysay Hotel Shamow, qaraxaas oo ay ku naf waayeen Arday, Dhaqaatiir, Macalimiin, Wariyayaal, Waalid iyo siyaasin ay ku jiraan Wasiirro, qaraxaas oo runtii aad u gilgilay magaalada muqdisha beerayna xaalad aad u murugo badan, qaraxaas oo aan cidna sheegayn qolyaha afka duubtana ay iska wada fogeeyeen.
Qaraxaas wuxu beegsaday Dhaqaatiir markaas dhamaysay Jaamacadda Banaadir qaybta Caafiamadka oo dhiganaysay muddo shan sano ah, wuxuu indha tiray umadda oo u horseeday mugdi iyo jahli, maadaama la beegsaday Hal Aqoonyankii barri dadka u adeegi lahaa, dhacdadaan waxay ka mid noqotay dhacdooyinka aadka u saameeyey umadda Somali.
Dhacdadaan ka dib, waxaa hana qaadday SILSILADDII DEELEEY oo anigu aan billaabay, maansadii ugu horraysay waxay ahayd “Dareen” oo silsiladda magaceedu waa: Deelleeyda Qariga 21-aad oo ay ka wayb qaateen dhalinyaro Soomaaliyeed Meerisyo ka mid ahaa Jiiftadaa waa:
Dulmigii Shaamoow
Duhurkii la weeraray
Ardadii la duubee
Darajada mudneydee
Digriigiyo aqoontiyo
Dugisayada dhammeeyeen
Ninka dilay muxuu yahay?!
Ditoor caafimaadoo
Cudarrada daweeyiyo
Ubaxii dalkeennaan
Berri daadahaynlaa
Waalid soo daryeeliyo
Xubnaheeda dawladda
Ninka dilay muxuu yahay?!
Wariyaha diyaariya
Farriimaha dagaalkiyo
Dirirtiyo colaadaha
Dadka u adeegoo
Daabbula dhambaallada
Nabaddana u doodaa
Ninka dilay muxuu yahay?!
Intaa kaliya ma ahan, waxaa qaraxaa ka dib hana qaaday KOOXDA dib magacoodu ka noqon doono hees ay qaadeen qaraxa Shaamoow ka dib, oo magaceedu ahaa: “QAYLODHAAN” oo magaca kooxdu noqday: KOOXDA QAYLADHAAN.
Ugu dambayn, ma ahan bisha December mid dhacdooyinkeedu intaan ku eg ama ku kooban, balse, Aniga intaan ayaan ka soo qaatay ee qofkii wax ku daraya bal ha ku biiriyo wixii taariikh ah ee uu hayo, si loo aruurso taariikh dhaxalgal ah oo kooban si sahlanna loo heli karo.

Bashiir M. Xersi
brdiraac@hotmail.com

Al Shabaab ayaa waxay weeraro madaafiic ah oo khasaaro dhaliyay ay xalay ku qaaday Qasriga Madaxtooyada ee Villa Somalia, oo Xaruun u ah Madaxda Dowladda Soomaaliya.
Weerarkaan oo loo adeegsaday hoobiye-yaal ayaa waxaa lagu aslalay Villa Somalia, iyadoo madaafiicdaan si weyn looga maqlay inta badan Magaalada Muqdisho.
Inkastoo aysan wax madaafiic ah ku soo dhicin Villa Somalia, ayaa waxay hadana madaafiicdaan ay ku soo hoobteen Degmooyinka Boondheere iyo Wardhiigley, oo dacalada uga yaala Madaxtooyada.
Madaafiicdaan oo tiradoodu guud lagu sheegay ilaa 7 xabo ayaa waxay siyaabooyin kala duwan ay ugu soo dhaceen Degmooyinka Boondheere iyo Wardhiigley, waxaana ku dhaawacmay ilaa sagaal ruux oo shacab ah.
Madfac ku soo dhacay guri ku yaala Degmada Boordheere ee Gobolka Banaadir, ayaa waxaa ku dhaawacmay shan ruux ooh al qoys ah, waxaana weeye dhaawacyada qaarkood kuwo culus.
Madfac kale oo ku soo dhacay Degmada Wardhiigley ayaa waxaa ku dhaawacmay laba ruux oo rayid ah, waxaana madaafiicdaan Caasimada laga maqlay, xilli ay jiifeen inta badan shacabka reer Muqdisho.

Dowladda Kenya ayaa waxay xilligaan muujisay inay baqdin xoogan ka qabto dhinaca Ururka Al Shabaab, oo iyagu marar badan ku goodiyay inay weeraro xoogan ka fulin doonaan gudaha dalka Kenya.
Xilligaan ayaa waxay Dowladda Kenya shaaca ka qaaday inay Al Shabaab weeraro cad ku soo tahay dalkeeda, iyadoo dhinaca kalana ku baaqday in laga hortaggo.
Afhayeenka Ciidamada Booliska ee Dowladda Kenya Mathew Iteera, oo Saxaafada kula hadlay Magaalada Nairobi, ayaa wuxuu sheegay inay Al Shabaab qorsheyneyso weeraro ka dhan ah dalka Kenya.
Wuxuu sheegay in ujeedada Al Shabaab uu yahay sidii ay u wax yeeleen laheyd buu yiri shacabka iyo dalka Kenya, taasoo uu ku sheegay inay tahay mid dhaawac ku ah sharafta Kenya.
Shacabka ku dhaqan dalka Kenya ayaa wuxuu ka codsaday inay wada shaqeyn dhabta ah ay la yeeshaan Ciidamada Booliska ee Dowladda Kenya, oo uu sheegay inay waqtigaan ku mashquulsan yihiin wax ka qabashada ammaanka dalkaasi.
Mathew Iteera ayaa wuxuu sheegay in marka la gaaro Xilliga Doorashada Madaxweynaha ee Kenya oo sanadka 2013-ka la qaban doono, inay markaasi Al Shabaab dooneyso inay weerarto goobaha ay Doorashada ka dhaceyso.